Carminite,raw secondry mineral,پیشاهنگان عصر صنعت,گرافیت ,ذوب فولاد,فروسیلیس
(EVERY WEEK WITH A MINERAL (2
۱۰-بهمن-۱۳۹۶
TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING FERRO MOLYBDENUM,فرومولیبدن
TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING FERRO MOLYBDENUM
۲۱-بهمن-۱۳۹۶
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(EVERY WEEK WITH A MINERAL (3

every week with a minera,Allanite,پیشاهنگان عصر صنعت,فروآلیاژ,ذوب,فولاد,ریخته گری

Allanite

also called orthite is a sorosilicate group of minerals within the broader epidote group that contain a significant amount of rare earth elements. The mineral occurs mainly in metamorphosed clay rich sediments and felsic igneous rocks. It has the general formula A2M3Si3O12[OH] where the A sites can contain large cations such as Ca2+, Sr2+, and rare earth elements and the M sites admit Al3+, Fe3+, Mn3+, Fe2+, or Mg2+ among others

However, a large amount of additional elements, including Th, U, Zr, P, Ba, Cr and others may be present in the mineral. The International Mineralogical Association lists three minerals in the allanite group, each recognized as a unique mineral: allanite-(Ce), allanite-(La) and allanite-(Y), depending on the dominant rare earth present, cerium, lanthanum or yttrium

 

every week with a minera,Allanite,پیشاهنگان عصر صنعت,فروآلیاژ,ذوب,فولاد,ریخته گری

 (allanite crystals on smoky quartz from the White Mountain Wilderness, Lincoln County, New Mexico, USA (size: 2.7×۱٫۸×۱٫۷ cm

Allanite contains up to 20% rare earth elements and is a valuable source of them. The inclusion of thorium and other radioactive elements in allanite results in some interesting phenomena. Allanite often has a pleochroic halo of radiation damage in the minerals immediately adjacent. Also highly radioactive grains of allanite often have their structure disrupted or are metamict. The age of allanite grains that have not been destroyed by radiation can be determined using different techniques

Allanite is usually black in color, but can be brown, brown-violet. It is often coated with a yellow-brown alteration product, likely limonite. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and forms prismatic crystals. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5–۶ and a specific gravity of 3.5–۴٫۲٫ It is also pyrognomic, meaning that it becomes incandescent at a relatively low temperature of about 95 °C

It was discovered in 1810 and named for the Scottish mineralogist, Thomas Allan (1777–۱۸۳۳). The type locality is Aluk Island, Greenland where it was first discovered by Karl Ludwig Giesecke

source – Wikipedia

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